ObjectARX
Short answer
Autodesk's C++ runtime extension SDK for AutoCAD. The lowest-level, highest-performance way to extend AutoCAD.
ObjectARX (AutoCAD Runtime eXtension) is the C++ SDK for building AutoCAD plugins. ARX modules are unmanaged DLLs renamed .arx that load directly into the AutoCAD process — they bypass the .NET wrapper and run at native speed, which is why heavy custom-entity work and reactors that fire per-redraw are usually written in ObjectARX. The trade-off is that ARX is version-locked: a plugin built against ObjectARX 2024 won't load in AutoCAD 2025 without a rebuild.